REFERENCES ON FEAR, PERCEIVED RISK, PERCEIVED INCIVILITIES, AND POLICE

Since several of you are interested in fear and/or perceived risk, and/or fear and police here are some suggested references which might prove helpful as you try and refine your paper topics.

1.      Adams, R. E., Rohe, W. M., & Arcury, T. A. (2005). Awareness of community-oriented policing and neighborhood perceptions in five small to midsize cities. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(1), 43-54.

2.      Brown, B. B., Perkins, D. D., & Brown, G. (2004). Incivilities, place attachment and crime: Block and individual effects. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(3), 359-371. 

3.      Carvalho, I., & Lewis, D. A. (2003). Beyond community: Reactions to crime and disorder among inner-city residents. Criminology, 41(3), 779-812. 

4.      Chiricos, T. G., McEntire, R., & Gertz, M. (2001). Perceived racial and ethinic composition of neighborhood and perceived risk of crime. Social Problems, 48(3), 322-340.

5.      Gibson, C. L., Zhao, J., Lovrich, N. P., & Gaffney, M. J. (2002). Social integration, individual perceptions of collective efficacy, and fear of crime in three cities. Justice Quarterly, 19, 537-564.

6.      Kanan, J. W., & Pruitt, M. V. (2002). Modeling fear of crime and perceived victimization risk: The (in)significance of neighborhood integration. Sociological Inquiry, 72(4), 527-548. 

7.      Kubrin, C. E., & Weitzer, R. (2003). New directions in social disorganization theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40(4), 374-402. 

8.      LaGrange, R. L., & Ferraro, K. F. (1989). Assessing age and gender differences in perceived risk and fear of crime. Criminology, 27(4), 697-719. 

9.      LaGrange, R. L., & Ferraro, K. F. (1992). Perceived risk and fear of crime: Role of social and physical incivilities. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29, 311-334.

10.  Lane, J., & Meeker, J. W. (2000). Subcultural diversity and the fear of crime and gangs. Crime & Delinquency, 46, 497-521.

11.   Markowitz, F. E., Bellair, P. E., Liska, A. E., & Liu, J. H. (2001). Extending social disorganization theory: Modeling the relationships between cohesion, disorder, and fear. Criminology, 39(2), 293-320.

12.  McGarrell, E. F., Giacomazzi, A. L., & Thurman, Q. C. (1997). Neighborhood disorder, integration, and fear of crime. Justice Quarterly, 14, 401-422.
 Menjivar, C., & Bejarano, C. L. (2004). Latino immigrants' perceptions of crime and police authorities in the United States: A case study from the Phoenix Metropolitan area. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 27(1), 120-148.

13.   Miethe, T. (1995). Fear and withdrawal from urban life. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 539, 14-27.
 Ross, C. (1993). Fear of Victimization and Health. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 9, 159-175.

14.  Rountree, P. (1998). A Reexamination of the Crime-Fear Linkage. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35(3), 341-372.
 Rountree, P. W., & Land, K. C. (1996). Burglary victimization, perceptions of crime risk, and routine activities: A Multilevel analysis across Seattle neighborhoods and census tracts. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33, 147-180.

15.  Rountree, P. W., & Land, K. C. (1996). Perceived risk versus fear of crime: Empirical evidence of conceptually distinct reactions in survey data. Social Forces, 74, 1353-1376.

16.  Sprott, J. B., & Doob, A. N. (1997). Fear, victimization, and attitudes to sentencing, the courts, and the police. Canadian Journal of Criminology-Revue Canadienne De Criminologie, 39(3), 275-291.
 Taylor, R. B. (2002). Fear of crime, social ties and collective efficacy: Maybe masquerading measurement, maybe deja vu all over again. Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 773-791.

17.  Taylor, R. B., & Shumaker, S. A. (1990). Local crime as a natural hazard: Implications for understanding the relationship between disorder and fear of crime. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18(5), 619-642.
 Weisburd, D., & Eck, J. E. (2004). What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593, 42-65.

18.  Will, J. A., & McGrath, J. H. (1995). Crime, neighborhood perceptions, and the underclass: The Relationship between fear of crime and class position. Journal of Criminal Justice, 23, 163-176.